Hyperbaric oxygen
Mixed findingsWhy it might help
Breathing near-100% oxygen under increased pressure raises tissue oxygenation; researchers hypothesize this may reduce neuroinflammation, improve cerebral blood flow and endothelial function, and support neuroplasticity.
What the research shows
Small sham-controlled trials of hyperbaric oxygen have reported improvements in cognition, fatigue, sleep, and pain in some people with long COVID, but a later placebo-controlled trial using far fewer sessions found no benefit over sham. The evidence is genuinely mixed and far from settled.
Sources & what they found (2)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial — Scientific Reports (PMC), 2022
Randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial (73 participants, 40 sessions) reporting improved cognition, fatigue, sleep and pain interference.
Ten sessions of hyperbaric oxygen versus sham in patients with long covid (HOT-LoCO): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase II trial — eClinicalMedicine (PMC), 2025
Placebo-controlled trial (10 sessions) that found no short-term benefit over sham, with both groups improving.
Graded research finding · built from Praxium’s evidence library
HBOT (2.0 ATA, 40 sessions) improves fatigue, cognitive function, QoL, and cardiopulmonary function in long COVID, consistent across a systematic review and a large prospective registry.
How strong the finding is
MDPI Life 2024 SR PMC11051078 (10 studies, 3 complete RCTs); Nature Sci Reports 2025 registry n=232. Source: PMC11051078. Dossier claim id hbot-h15. ATA 2.0 (HARD).
What complicates this
Evidence growing; one interim RCT logged 60% AE rate (mostly mild ear discomfort). Condition-specific at 2.0 ATA.
Sources (2)
Zoccali et al. 2026 — Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID Symptoms: A Breath of Fresh Air — Diseases (PMID 41745098) · 2026-02-07
van Berkel et al. 2025 — Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for long COVID: a prospective registry — Scientific Reports (PMID 40759992) · 2025-08-04




